I want to learn about how the staffs in any nursing home deal with the Assignment

I want to learn about how the staffs in any nursing home deal with the senior adults who lost their memory - Assignment Example address the social aspect of care for patients who are in their advance age who has from memory loss that they may be able to interact with them not just as a health care provider but also as a human being that would possibly help the patient recover their memory and make their stay in the nursing home pleasant. Senior adults who suffers from memory loss who are taken cared of at nursing homes are removed from their family and nursing staffs should therefore endeavor to create an atmosphere that resembles the comfort of the patient’s home. After completing the project, it is expected that the nursing staff will not only be proficient and sensitive in taking care of senior citizens who suffers from memory loss but will also be ethical being mindful that those who are housed in the nursing homes are away from their

Stalins aims for the transformation of the Russian economy Essay Example for Free

Stalins aims for the transformation of the Russian economy Essay To what extent did Stalin succeed in achieving his aims for the transformation of the Russian economy? Under the NEP, Russia had managed to recover from seven years of warfare, but by the late 1920s Russia had still not been able to develop its economy beyond the level of 1914 and its agriculture was still very backward. Stalin felt that under the NEP, the Russian economy was underperforming and he felt he had to change this as he wanted to modernise Russia and move it forwards to a truly Socialist society. Stalin wanted to transform Russian economy in order for Russia to be a socialist society there had to be more workers than peasants and the country had to be at industrially advanced. This would mean that the Russian economy, which relied heavily on agriculture, would have to be changed and modernised industries would have to be developed and Russia would have to become an industrialised country. In 1929 in the Great Turn, Stalin introduced the collectivisation of agriculture; this set of policies, along with the Five Year Plans, created the framework for what became known as the Soviet centrally planned economy and transformed the Soviet economy. Stalin, through collectivisation and industrialisation, managed to transform the Russian economy. One of Stalins aims for the transformation of the economy was to build up heavy industry and increase the industrial output of the Soviet Union through the Five Year Plans, and to catch up with the industrialised West. Stalins policy of industrialisation was based on central planning the state produced three consecutive Five Year Plans that set production and output targets for all areas of industry, with emphasis on building up heavy industry and creating new industry. In order to provide capital to finance industrialisation, Stalin introduced collectivisation, which modernised Russias agricultural system. These Five Year Plans broadly achieved Stalins aim. There was a huge increase in the productivity and output of heavy industry. Whole new industries were developed in Russia, like the chemical factories, tractor and machine tool plants. Many new factories were built, whole new industrial centres like Magnitogorsk were created and cities grew rapidly. Russia was gripped by gigantomania there was an emphasis on large-scale projects like the Dniepostroi Dam. Communications improved, the transport links in Russia were better than before and electricity became available to the masses. Russia had managed to industrialise and catch up with the West at a time when much of the Western world was suffering from an economic depression. However, the goods produced were often of a poor quality, as quantity was more important than quality for Stalin. There was also a great deal of wastage, raw materials were wasted and the production of goods was often inefficient. The Five Year Plans often had unrealistic production targets which factories struggled to meet. Another of Stalins aims was to modernise agriculture and increase productivity through collectivisation. He believed that the peasant-based farming methods used were inefficient and large collectivised state farms would vastly increase production. Stalin needed to carry out the collectivisation of agriculture to finance industrialisation and feed the workers in the cities. Large, collective farms were created, where peasants worked to increase production of grain. This was, to some extent, a success all agriculture was collective by 1941. By 1939, Russia had reached the same levels of production as 1928 with less peasants working on the farms. Also, farming was modernised, there was increased use of machinery and tractors on the collective farms, which made the work easier. However, the human cost of collectivisation was great. In 1932, there was a Great Famine, which was caused by a drop in production in the early 1930s this affected the Soviet Union badly, especially Ukraine where 5 million people died. By 1941, Russia had only just regained the production levels of 1928; there was no increase in production. Also, animals were not used efficiently, and in this sense the Russian farms were still quite backwards. Stalins final aim to transform the economy was to transform Russia into a truly Socialist economy, by turning peasants into workers and introducing central planning into the system. In order for Russia to be a truly Socialist society, there would have to be a greater number of workers than peasants a Socialist economy would be more focused on industry rather than agriculture. This would mean developing industry, so the number of workers would exceed the number of peasants. This would also mean eliminating the privileged classes such as the Kulaks, who were better off than ordinary peasants. Kulaks that refused to join collective farms and co-operate with the state were either exiled or sent to forced-labour camps. Stalin also aimed to get rid of the last vestiges of Capitalism this would mean getting rid of the NEP and replacing it with central planning. However, the Russian economy did not become truly Socialist. Wage differentials and bonuses created a privileged class among the workers. The working and living conditions for Russians were still very poor. The system relied heavily on force, in order for the transformation of the Soviet economy to take place. In conclusion, Stalin did partly succeed in achieving his aims for the transformation of the Russian economy. Stalin managed to industrialise and modernise Russia, many new key industries developed and Russia no longer relied solely on agriculture for its economy. The new, collective farms were more efficient than the old farms, the same amounts were produced with less peasants. By the 1940s, there were more workers than peasants and, generally, Russia was a more Socialist society. However, there were limits on this there was still a small privileged class, and working and living conditions in the Soviet Union were poor. Also, the transformation of the Soviet economy came at a human cost, and many people died as a result of the Great Famine and dangerous working conditions in factories.

Case Report On British Airways Ba Management Essay

Case Report On British Airways Ba Management Essay The fast changing technological advancement and unpredictable economic situation are forcing businesses to respond quickly to adapt to change. Failure to manage change will cause organisation lose its competitiveness and disappear from the market. In order to meet the challenge, British Airways has to review their development approaches, especially those related to the organisational behaviour, structure, culture and other human resource issues. The organisations vision of being worlds global premium airline can only be sustained and supported through continual review and improvements in the aspects mentioned. It is important to note that the change in the organisation is very much related to the role of managers in developing strategy. Though there is a pressing need for the organisation to undergo change, peoples need should not be sacrificed. This report aids the improvement process in British Airways by providing discussion on the key frameworks in the HRM issues and recommendati ons for future. 2.0 Introduction This is a report for the management of British Airways Plc which present, analyze and evaluate the change management issues in the organisation. Factors such as organisational structure, behaviour, culture and technology, political and social aspects as well as economic strengths and weaknesses are made throughout the whole report. It is hoped that this report would provide an insight to the human resource activities for future improvement. 3.0 Organisations Strategic Plan 3.1 Organisations Background British Airways Plc (BA) has a long history beginning from the launching of words first schedule air service by its forerunner company, Aircraft Transport Travel Limited (AT T) on 1919. In 1924, Britains four airlines merged to form Imperial Airways Limited. Later in the 1930s, some smaller UK air transport companies started their operations and merged to form the original privately-owned British Airways Limited. Following a government review in 1939, these two companies were then nationalized and formed the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC). BOAC, together with a new airline, British European Airways (BEA) were the main British operators in the industry in the 1950s. However, these two separate airlines eventually merged to form British Airways in 1974. With the execution of Civil Aviation Act 1980, the government sold its shares in British Airways and Lord King was appointed as the chairman. Many changes were carried out since then to bring British Airways to its presen t status as one of the worlds leading global premium airline (British Airways 2010). The company is principally base in London, with hubs at Heathrow, Gatwick and London city airports. Its core activities are to carry out the operation of international and domestic scheduled air passengers and cargo services. In 2009/10, the company carried nearly 32 million passengers and 760,000 tonnes of cargo to different destinations. Together with its partners, BA flies to over 300 destinations throughout the world. It also has a strong fleet operation with 238 aircrafts in service at the end of March 2010 (British Airways 2010). 3.2 Organisations Vision and Mission The companys long term vision to be the worlds leading Global Premium Airline is constantly leading the company moving towards higher achievements in the future. BA has plotted different mission statements in pursuing toward this vision. These mission statements are: Be the airline of choice for long haul premium customers Deliver an outstanding service for customers at every point of touch Build presence in key global cities Build on leading position in London Meet customers needs and improve margins through new revenue streams (British Airways 2010) 3.3 Industry Overview The aviation industry has a big global economic impact. Few key facts provide the evidence of the worldwide influence of this industry. According to Capoccitti, Khare and Mildenberger (2010: 67), more than 2.2 billion vacation and business passengers flew on the worlds airlines. Over one-third of the values of worlds manufactured exports were carried through air freight. 32 million jobs opportunities were created for people in different countries. Moreover, the aviation industry contributes nearly 8% to world gross domestic product. In general, airline industry can be divided into four categories: International companies with annual revenue of $1 billion or more National companies with annual revenue between $100 million and $ 1 billion Regional companies with short-haul flights and less than $100 million revenue Cargo companies that generally transport goods only (Investopedia 2010) Though the degree varies with the category that an airline belongs to, air companies need to cope with various complicated issues. Some of the major issues include airport capacity, route design, technology, costs to buy or lease the aircrafts, weather, fuel price, and employees (Investopedia 2010). Despite these challenges, competition remains lofty as more and more airliners enter into the market by offering cheaper prices to customers. 3.4 SWOT Analysis Figure British Airways SWOT Analysis (Euromonitor International 2011) The figure above shows the current SWOT analysis of British Airways. Further explanations are made as follow. STRENGTHS Strong Fleet Operations British Airways has a strong fleet with more than 200 aircrafts. The fleet includes Boeing 737, Boeing 747- 777, Airbus A319 and Airbus 320. Recently, the company had also ordered additional 23 new Boeing 787 to replace the current Boeing 767. These new aircrafts will join in the long haul fleet from year 2012. With such a strong fleet, the airline covers all the continents around the world (Euromonitor International 2011). Online Services British Airways also seizes the opportunity of the widespread of internet to boost its business performance. With the implementation of online services, passengers obtain the convenience to book flights, hire cars, book hotels and access travel information in a quick and safe way. This has not only greatly reduced the companys operating costs, but also help it to attract more customers (Euromonitor International 2011). WEAKNESSES Labor Dispute The dispute over pay and condition of its cabin crew has caused an industrial action to take place in 20-22 March and 27-30 March 2010 (Euromonitor International 2011). The strikes held by Unite, which represents about 25,000 workers at British Airways, had incurred more than  £150 million loss to the company in year 2010. Poor Brand Image Apart from the above incident, the chaos that happened during the opening of Heathrow Terminal 5 airport also diminished the companys brand image. Cancellations, delays of flights and lost of baggages had led to huge disappointment on many loyal customers. This weaken the companys competitive advantage and loss many businesses to its rival. Poor Performance in All Geographic Regions Due to global financial crisis and high fuel prices, British Airways has a poor performance in all its geographic regions. The business revenues in its largest geographic market had decreased 12.9% in March 2010. The sales in its second largest market, America had also shown a decline of 4%. It is concerned that the continuity of such performance would lead to business collapse in no time (Euromonitor International 2011). THREATS Disrupt Operation With the unstable restructuring and changes policies, British Airways faces strong opposition from its workforce. The extension of labour dispute into future will continue to disrupt the companys normal operation. Huge amount of time and money will have to be spent on devising contingency plans to resolve the issues. Increased Competition Poor management strategies in handling labour dispute and the opening of Terminal 5 makes the company vulnerable to its rivals. Better offers made by competitors such as Virgins, Ryan Air and Easyjet will cause British Airways losses its premium passengers. Bankruptcy Poor performance in all geographic regions increases the risk of bankruptcy in BA. OPPORTUNITIES Reward Packages/Employee Relations Opportunities to offer better reward packages and to improve employee relations can be identified in the case of British Airways labour dispute. The restructuring and changes process will get into a better shape if two ways communication is to be built up. Monitor Operational Performance British Airways is currently monitoring its customer views on the Think Customer Survey (British Airways 2010). This offer great opportunity for the organisation to improve its business performance as it can find solution to improve its departure punctuality, which is one of the main concerns of the passengers. Merger Agreement with Iberia The entering into a merger agreement with Spanish airway Iberia offers opportunity for BA to step into Latin America market. This merger will also save the airline  £350 million a year (BBC 2010). 4.0 HRM Issues 4.1 Leadership and Management The terms leadership and management have been used interchangeably by many people. In fact, these two terms denotes two different meanings. From a general point of view, leadership can be defined as a relationship through which one person influences the behaviour or actions of other people. Management, on the other hand, is usually defines as getting things done through other people in order to achieve stated organisational objectives (Mullins 2010: 373). A major study of the nature of leadership has been developed by a political scientist, James MacGregor Burns in 1978. Burns states that organisation states can be categorized into two convergent (stable condition) and divergent (dynamic condition). He contends that the best approach for the convergent state is the transactional management style. The managers will aim at completing tasks, achieving companys goal, and striving for the companys performance through gradual changes (Burnes 2009: 498). On the other hand, transformational leaders are most appropriate in the divergent state. They will introduce radical change and use the influence of their personality to gain the trust and commitment of their followers (Burnes 2009: 499). The figure below shows Burns theory on leadership. Figure Burns Contextual Approach to Leadership (Burnes 2009: 499) Along with Burns theory, the diagram below also shows the distinctive activities between managers and leaders (Burnes 2009: 492). In fact, in real life situation, leaders need to possess both transactional and transformational characteristics, depending on the circumstances. Figure Distinct Activities between Managers and Leaders (Burnes 2009: 492) In relation to the theories above, BAs present Chief Executive Officer, Willie Walsh is considered to be a manager rather than a leader. This can be seen from the way he transformed his former company Aer Lingus, a nearly bankrupt airline into one of the most profitable one in Europe by cutting one-third of its workforce using the power of his position (The Independent Business 2011). This action had caused him to win an uncomplimentary nickname Slasher Walsh, thus revealing his sturdy personality trait. Partly because of this, he was attracted into the board of BA (The Wall Street Journal 2011). However, as the company is in a dynamic state, the transactional characteristic that Willie Walsh possessed is seemed to be unsuitable. In the dispute with the Unite Union, Willie Walsh is entirely focused on the present organisations need reduce costs but ignored the need to create a culture of shared value in the long run. His managerial approach will only enable him to carry out his du ty and fail to gain followers. The management should realize that the pressing need of British Airways is to have leader who is capable to win trust and support from its members in order to implement change. 4.2 Organisational Structure In order to ensure the organisation meets its goals and objectives, organisation usually has a formal structure to divide the work and responsibilities. This formal structure is presented in the organisation chart. Different roles and relationships are incorporated in this process to direct, control and carry out the tasks and activities (Armstrong 2009: 365). People in these groups are usually bound by certain formal rules, relationship and norms of behaviour. Formal work group can be differentiated by basis of membership, tasks to be performed, nature of technology or positions within the organisations and etc. (Mullins 2010: 311). Though the formal groups are planned and created by management, informal structure will also arise during the day-to-day interactions of the staffs. Unlike the formal structure which is based on a defined role, the informal groups are based more on friendships. The goal is to satisfy psychological and social needs rather than achieving the tasks (Mullins 2010:312). Both formal and informal groups are crucial as the formation can contribute to the enhancement of work performance. The higher the group cohesiveness, the more likely they can progress in the stages of group development and form teams. However, tasks at team level require higher level of coordination, control and trust. From the organisational chart in Figure 4 below, it can be seen that the division of work in the organisation is based on individuals different tasks and functions, such as sales and marketing, engineering, investments and etc. This institution is important as members tend to follow the established values and norms of behaviours. However, as group size increase, it will increase the difficulty for managers to handle. In general, group cohesiveness is hard to achieve when a group exceeds 10-12 members. Absenteeism, conflict over incentive payment and differences in opinions are some of the normal phenomena that can be seen in a group. Therefore, groups should be divided into sub-groups when the numbers go beyond 12 (Mullins 2010: 315). Managers should also be sensitive on the balance of work performance and social interactions in the informal groups. Sometimes, groups may be inclined toward social processes and spend too much time talking rather than working (Mullins 2010:314). Managers therefore need to be capable to observe and create a better climate in the groups. Figure British Airways Organisational Structure (The Official Board 2010) 4.3 Organisational Culture Organisational culture plays an important role to bring in change in organisation. According to Armstrong (2009:384), organisational culture is the unspoken ways that shape the ways in which people in organisations behave and things get done. Drennan (1992) also defines culture as typical of the organisation, the habits, the prevailing attitudes, and the grown-up pattern of accepted and expected behaviour (Brown 1998: 8). One of the factors that formed the organisational culture is the influence of visionary leaders. British Airways had undergone many waves of culture change since late 70s. Under the leadership of Collin Marshall, the companys chief executive during 1983, the company was transformed from a disastrous loss-making company into a profit-making world class organisation. He introduced Putting People First program and had successfully overturned the atmosphere in the organisation. He challenged the hierarchical and militaristic culture that existed at that time by asking the staffs not to wear uniform to work. He also constantly motivated the staffs to have positive attitudes in themselves, set personal goals and dealing with stress. Members of the organisation are very much encouraged by the families atmosphere promoted during that period (Irena and Adrian 2002). British Airways experienced few more restructuring processes in the hands of different leaders following Collin Marshall. It is believed the organisation is also undergoing a major culture change under the current leadership of Willie Walsh. The organisational culture is changed from people-oriented to power-oriented under the management of Willie Walsh. Members in the organisation became more competitive and responsive to personality as the values and beliefs are changed. Although it cannot be concluded by saying one culture is better than the other, the culture that Willie Walsh introduced into the organisation seems to be inappropriate and hinder its performance (Armstrong 2009: 398). 4.4 Resourcing and Legal Issues Another crucial aspect to achieve the goals of the organisation is people resourcing. Organisations need to make sure they can obtain and retain the right people that can fit into their organisational and perform in a productive way. Therefore, strategies such as human resource planning, recruitment and selection, selection interviewing, selection tests, introduction to the organization and release from the organization are genuinely required to build up the strength of human aspect in the organisation (Armstrong 2001). In devising its strategy on human resource planning, British Airways has to be to be able to forecast future people needs (demand forecasting), forecast future availability of people (supply forecasting) and make plans to match supply to demand (Armstrong 2001). These require the human resource department of British Airways to have thorough understanding of both the internal and external environments of the organisation. Examples of the internal environments include sales forecast and introduction of new technology whereby instances of external environment are such like labour market condition and labour turnover (Wilson 2011). Many organisations tend to promote people from within the organisation when there are vacancies in the upper level. This resourcing policy is known as qualification driven. British Airways is not an exception to this. British Airways advertises internal vacancies to its employees and provide cross training when necessary (British Airways 2011). With the implementation of restructuring programme named Compete 2012, British Airways also encourages its people to move between functions to develop their talents and skills. This once again confirms its usual practice of promoting people internally (British Airways 2010). Despite its focus on internal promotion, British Airways does not neglect the importance of injecting talents and fresh ideas into the vein of the organisation. Its external recruitment is carried out firstly through its recruitment website, which also forms the initial selection process. Applicants are then asked to attend the assessment day. They will then be accessed through different methods such as group exercises, interviews, psychometric tests, presentations, fact-finding exercise or role play (British Airways 2011). As a global organisation, BA is renowned in its workforce diversity. This requires the organisation to comply with different laws and legislations such as Sex Discrimination Act 1975, Race Relations Act 1976 and Data Protection Act (British Airways 2011). In spite of the diversified culture image that it has built up over the years, flaws can still be seen in the way British Airways manage its people. The company was sued for indirect sex discrimination by one of its female pilot in year 2005. Jessica Starmer, BAs female pilot requested to work 50% part time to take care of her newborn baby. However, the organisation can only offered her 75% work, which was unacceptable to Starmer and will cause her to give up her favourite job. It can be seen from this case that British Airways was not ready to accommodate working mothers and possibly exclude females from its pilot. Starmer eventually won this discrimination case and British Airways had to reconsider its way of managing work life ba lance for both men and women (BBC 2005). Employees well being should constantly be examined and improved in the organisation. 4.5 Skills, Training and Development Learning, training and development processes are ways to ensure individuals and organisations can enhance their performance and meet organisations objectives. One crucial framework of understanding how people learn is the work of Kolb. Kolb suggests learning as recurring process with four stages as shown in the diagram below. Figure Kolbs Learning Style (Clark 2008) The four stages (concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualisation and active experimentation) was then categorised by Honey and Mumford as activists, reflectors, theorists and pragmatists. It is contended that activists prefer to learn by actively participate in activities, reflectors learn through observation and reflections, theorists learn best through linking their experiences with concepts and theories, and pragmatists have a preference in transferring new information to real-life situations (Pilbeam and Corbridge 2010: 357). Understanding how people learn through different HRM frameworks are crucial for British Airways to design the learning for its employees. By examining the training and learning design of British Airways, it is quite satisfactory that British Airways has provide ample training resources such as learning centres, library facilities, reference materials, audiotapes and video based learning (Job Vacancies Advice n.d.). British Airways also develops different training schemes such as Behaviour for Success, Leadership Matters and A Leader Development Portfolio (British Airways 2010). Graduate opportunities and training schemes are also provided to the students and graduates through series of interviews and selections (British Airways 2010). These shows that the organisation is concern about different learning styles of individuals and have provided different designs to match their learning needs. However, In relation to the chaotic opening of Heathrows Terminal 5, British Airways employees claimed that their failure was due to inadequate training days and the lack of essential support (BBC 2008). This incident should provide a little window for the management to realise that there is still a lack the way British Airways evaluate its employees learning activity and process. Furthermore, in dealing with the recent strike issue, British Airways is planning on training its ground staffs who have no flying experience to become cabin crews in 21 days (The Guardian 2010). This is inevitably worrying as these employees might not have appropriate knowledge, skills, and attitude to fill in the positions in such a short period. This hasty decision will only pull the company away from identifying and analysing the learning needs of its employees (Pilbeam and Corbridge 2010: 352). 4.6 Appraisal Performance appraisal is a key attribute in driving an organisation towards competitive advantage. Though it may not be unwelcomed by the participants, it nevertheless provides crucial data for efficient decision-making, identifies training needs, and set levels of reward (Gold and Bratton 2003: 250). An effective appraisal system will also help the organisations to assess their staff against companies objectives, provide opportunities for the organisation to give good feedback to employees and motivate them (Business Link 2011). Appraisal can be carried out in different forms such as top-down schemes, self-appraisal, peer appraisal, upward appraisal and multi-rater appraisal or 360-degree feedback (Pilbeam and Corbridge 2010: 323). The employees progress is monitored both informally and formally in British Airways. Informally, the staffs will have to discuss with their manager about their performance and formally, they will need to go through an annual performance review (British Airways 2011). This top-down appraisal system is designed to encourage continuous improvement in employees performance and behaviour. However, it is questionable whether the appraisal is effective. Due to the linkage of appraisal with pay in British Airways, employees might be reluctant to openly discuss their problems at work with their line managers. Issues such as preferential treatment and lack of partiality may also invalidate the effort taken. Though immediate manager are inevitably in the best position to appraise employee performance, consideration should be given to evaluate performance through peer appraisal or multi-rater appraisal (Pilbeam and Corbridge 2010: 323). 4.7 Coaching and Mentoring According to Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIDP) (2010), coaching is a process to develop an individuals skills and knowledge in order to improve their work performance. Though it may involve the employees private life, the target is on achieving specific skills and goals. Mentoring, which is a method to transfer the knowledge, skills and experience in the challenging workplace, is often used interchangeably with coaching. Comparing to coaching, which is conducted in a shorter period, mentoring tends to describe a long term relationship where a more experienced staff supports the progression of his inexperienced colleague. In fact, coaching and mentoring is very much linked with overall learning and development strategies. According to the 2010 Learning and development survey conducted by CIDP (2010), more than half of the participants felt that coaching is the most effective way of learning and development. British Airways has always been a great success in coaching and mentoring its employees. As mentioned earlier, British Airways embed different training resources and programs to support and sustain the development of its people. Qualified pilots who apply to the Direct Entry Pilot Scheme offered by the organisation will need to attend training courses before they are allowed to join the fleets. They will be put under the supervision of experienced training team until the completion of Line Check (British Airways 2011). This efficient coaching and mentoring thus lead the pilots into the right behaviour and work effectively. 4.8 Performance and Motivation People need to be motivated to work. In order to improve the performance, it is important for managers to motivate and encourage their staffs. Throughout the years, various schools of thoughts on motivation have been established. Some of the well known theories are McGreggors theory X and theory Y, Adams equity theory, Maslows hierarchy of needs and Herzbergs two factor theory (Wilson 2011). This section will focus only the first two theories McGreggors theory X and theory Y and Adams equity theory. A notable study conducted from 1945-1965 revealed that what employees desire the most from a job is security, following by advancement, type of work and company. This is against the common belief that money is the primary motivating factor. However, this should not send the signal to the company to reward employee inadequately (Accel-Team 2010). However, in the recent dispute with its cabin crew, it became obvious that British Airways Chief Executive, Mr. Willie Walsh is incompetent to address this idea. In this dispute concerning the cabins pay condition, Willie Walsh proves that his managerial style falls under McGreggors theory X. Unlike theory Y which encourages participative communication, Willie Walsh cultivates a downward direction communication flow from manager to subordinates (Barnett 2011). This can be seen by his act in snatching the offer of Unite union off the negotiation table in March 2010 without saying a further word (The Guardian 2010). His autocratic managerial style causes British Airways suffers heavy resistance from its employees and eventually leads to the decrease in employees morale. On the other hand, equity theory of motivation reveals the assumptions that individuals hold about what is value and worthwhile (Wilson 2011). This theory holds that a persons sense of fairness is resulting from comparison between his input-to-output ratios to the others see Figure 6 below (Business Balls 2010). According to a former British Airways crew member, the company has not treated its members with a fair view. The organisation compares its cabin crews salaries with low cost carriers such as Virgins and Easyjet. This is viewed as unreasonable since British Airways had been branded as a global premium airline. It is also found out that the organisations proposal for new fleet salaries of  £11,000 basic plus  £2.40 an hour is much lower comparing to other premium airlines such as Singapore and Emirates. Comparing to Singapore Airline (which pay not only  £20,792 to its crew, but also gives them the benefits of one months salary annual supplement plus health and pension p ackages) British Airways offer is apparently diminishing the effort of its members (The Guardian 2010). Equity theory should reminds British Airways management that its people must be managed and treated accordingly as they would compare the way they are treated with their surrounding environment (Business Balls 2010). Figure Adams Equity Theory (Business Balls 2010) 5.0 Future Directions 5.1 Change Management Plan With the fast changing global business environment, organisations have to be capable to respond quickly enough by implementing change. The chance of whether an organisation can survive is very much depending on how effective it deals with the changes such as new government policies, economic fluctuation, new competitors and etc. Changes are initiated by leaders who are clear with the organisations vision and put that vision into reality through medium term mission and deployment plan (Wilson 2010). Kotter and Schlessinger (1979) set out six approaches to manage resistance of change. These include the following: Education and communication inform people about the change effort beforehand Participation and involvement involve people in the change effort Facilitation and support provide coaching and mentoring to deal with adjustment problems Negotiation and agreement deal with resistance by offering incentives Manipulation and co-option give a leader a symbolic role in decision making without really involved in the change effort Explicit and implicit coercion force employees into accepting change by making clear that resistance can lead to losing jobs, transferring or not promoting (Value Based Management 2011) There is no one approach which out-ruled the other approaches. The suitability of the change approach is based upon the situation that an organisation is facing. Therefore, leaders have to exercise their wisdom and discernment when choosing the approach to deal with resistance. Willie Walshs tactic of using explicit and implicit coercion to manage change apparently is destructive to the organisation as it had pushed the resistance even further. As the cabin crews and the Unite union are in the position of power, it is more likely that negotiation and agreement should be applied. 5.2 Organisational Development Organisational development is defined as a process that applies behavioural science knowledge and practices to help organisations achieve g

Mongols and Europe :: essays research papers

Change Over Time Essay: Mongols and Europe Over the years there have been many great nomadic groups, such as the Vikings and the Kievan, but no nomadic group has been more successful than the Mongols. The Mongols have had many lasting influences on Russia, China, and even Europe. The Mongols have left a mark on the European trading systems in technologies as well as in their trading systems trade routes. One thing that stayed the same throughout Europe was their many religion. Although the Mongols set their primary trading system along the Silk Road, the Mongols also set out trade in Europe. The Mongols had a passport like system used mainly in China, because of the long distant trade through regions many languages were encountered, thus the paisa or passport comes in play. The paisa is said to have an inscription which is said to be the permission from the ruler to travel through the region. The paisa or passport was brought by the Mongols to Europe, and then adopted by the European. Many nomadic tribes were uneducated and illiterate, much like the Mongols, because the Mongols were so uneducated this made it harder for them to navigate along the oversea trade routes of Europe. The Mongols were a nomadic group known for their skills of horse riding and their ability and skill to shoot a crossbow over amazing distances. Since the Mongols were so great by horse back, the trade in Europe went from to the majority of people trading by land. But because of the none stop traveling of nomadic groups, this lead to no set or given religion for the Mongols, this helped the different religions of Europe stay constant.

The Isis-Aphrodite

This figure of Isis-Aphrodite is currently on exhibit in the Johns Hopkins University Archaeological Museum. It is displayed alongside several other artworks of deities from the ancient Mediterranean, each individual object incorporating aspects from a myriad of religious systems and cults. The Isis-Aphrodite figure dates back to the Roman Empire sometime between 150-200 CE. It is made from a copper alloy and would once have been a burnished orange, but now appears a dark green-gray. It is 29.9 cm tall and 15.3 cm wide. The figure stands with her weight on her right leg and her left leg slightly bent, in a relaxed contrapposto, her right foot slightly forward. Her arms are outstretched but bent at the elbows. In her left hand she holds a small pedestal upon which a miniature figure sits; in her right hand she grasps a handle, though the body of the object has come unattached. She is naked, but wears an array of jewelry: two armbands, round earrings, a necklace, and a crown. Her hair is parted down the middle and pulled back into a knot at the nape of her neck, with a coil of hair across each shoulder. She looks directly toward the viewer, her expression neutral. Her eyes sockets are large and round but empty, and might once have contained inlays. The figure embodies the goddesses Isis and Aphrodite, two foreign deities that were adopted by syncretic religious cults of the Roman Empire. Isis was one of the primary deities of the Egyptian pantheon, fulfilling a myriad of roles and responsibilities. As a wife and mother, magical healer, and protector of the dead, she was one of the most diverse deities of ancient Egypt. She was the wife and sister of Osiris, god of the dead and the afterlife, and the mother of Horus, god of the sky and the pharaohs; thus, Isis was closely associated with the afterlife, resurrection, fertility, and kingship (1). Even before the Romans conquered Egypt and adopted its gods, the Egyptians themselves had blurred the lines between their individual deities. Isis, notably, was closely associated with several deities, and dabbled in many domains. Most pertinent here is her association with the goddess Hathor, who was the personification of love and sexuality. It may have been the close tie between Isis and Hathor that allowed Isis to be so easily associated with the goddess Aphrodite during the Hellenistic and Roman eras, as Hathor served as a parallel to Aphrodite (4). As Hathor was the Egyptian goddess of love and sexuality, Aphrodite was the Greek goddess of love and beauty. She was the daughter of Uranus, the primeval god of the sky, and wife to Hephaestus, god of the forge and fire. As the goddess of sexuality, Aphrodite was often depicted nude – more so in later eras. She was also often portrayed with her sacred animal, the dove, or one of her many symbols, such as a mirror, apple, or shell. When Alexander the Great, and later the Romans, conquered Egypt, they adopted the Egyptian Pantheon into the Greek one; some cults merged Isis with Aphrodite, and worshipped Isis-Aphrodite as a goddess of their combined realms. They also combined the two goddesses' iconography, as in the figure from the Archeological Museum. It would be difficult to identify the figure by its physiognomy alone, but it is made recognizable by its adornments and their symbolism. Several details help to identify the figure as some version of Aphrodite. The figure is unclothed, as Aphrodite was commonly depicted by this era. As the goddess of love and sexuality, she was often portrayed naked, and represented an ideal of beauty. She was also believed to have risen from the sea fully naked, born from seafoam when Uranus's genitalia were cut off by his son Kronos and thrown into the ocean. Her very origin reinforces the notion of her sexuality and lends credence to later depictions of her in the nude. The figure of Isis-Aphrodite is, however, adorned with lavish jewelry, as images of Aphrodite sometimes are. Of special note is the crown she wears – a Greek stephane, a metal headband that rose in the center and tapered down toward the temples. Greek female deities were often shown wearing a stephane, and sometimes a veil, which marked their divinity. The figure also holds two objects in her hands. In her right, she grasps a handle, although the upper part of the object is no longer attached; it is thought, however, to have once been a mirror. Mirrors were one of Aphrodite's many symbols, and represented her unmatched beauty. Nonetheless, this is only a postulate, and one cannot be sure what the missing element actually was. In her other hand, though, she still holds a small pedestal surmounted by a sitting figure. This component is what identifies the figure as Isis-Aphrodite. The pedestal resembles a lotus blossom, a sacred flower of the Egyptians that represented renewal. The flower would close at night and reopen at the dawn, and thus represented the daily cycle of the sun; it also represented rebirth, and was thus closely related to Osiris – Isis's husband – and the realm of the dead (3). Accordingly, the lotus was also associated with Isis herself. Sitting on the lotus is an image of the infant Harpocrates, who was a manifestation of Horus and the young sun (2). Harpocrates has a finger in his mouth and wears a disk on his head, a symbol of the sun. The details limn a very comprehensive image of Harpocrates, identifying the miniature figure as a canonical depiction of the young Horus, Isis's son. One of Isis's roles was that of a mother, and she was a fierce protectress. She is sometimes depicted with him, as in the Isis-Aphrodite figure.https://www.britannica.com/topic/Isis-Egyptian-goddesshttp://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/glossary.aspx?id=169http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/glossary.aspx?id=225http://www.academia.edu/5011152/The_Hellenistic-Roman_cult_of_Isis

How Middle Class Families Can Afford Private School

How Middle Class Families Can Afford Private School Private schools can seem out of reach for many families. Middle-class households in many U.S. cities are struggling with the cost of  health care, education and other expenses on the rise. Simply paying for everyday living can be a challenge, and many middle-class families dont even consider the option of applying to private school due to the added cost. But, a private school education may be easier to achieve than they thought. How? Check out these tips. Apply for Financial Aid Families who can not afford the full cost of private school can apply for financial aid.  According to the National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS), for the 2015-2016 year, about 24% of students at private schools received financial assistance. That figure is even higher at boarding schools, with nearly 37% of students receiving financial aid. Nearly every school offers financial aid, and many schools are committed to meeting 100% of a familys demonstrated need. When they apply for aid, families will complete what is known as a Parent Financial Statement (PFS). This is done through the School and Student Services (SSS) by NAIS. The information you provide is then used by SSS to generate a report that estimates the amount you can contribute to school experiences, and that report is what schools use to determine your demonstrated need. Schools vary with regard to how much aid they can provide to help pay private school tuition; some schools with large endowments can provide larger aid packages, and they also consider the other children you have enrolled in private education. While families can not know in advance if the aid package provided by their schools will cover their costs, it never hurts to ask and to apply for financial aid to see what the schools can come up with. Financial aid can make affording private school much more feasible. Some financial aid packages can even assist with travel if youre applying to a boarding school, as well as school supplies and activities. Tuition-Free Schools Full Scholarships Believe it or not, not every private school carries a tuition fee. Thats right, there are some tuition-free schools across the country, as well as schools that offer full scholarships to families whose household income falls below a certain level. Free schools, such as Regis High School, a Jesuit boys school in New York City, and schools that offer full scholarships to qualified families, such as Phillips Exeter, can help attending private school a reality for families who previously never believed such an education would be affordable. Lower-Cost Schools Many private schools have lower tuitions than the average independent school, making affording private school more accessible. For example, the Cristo Rey Network of 24 Catholic schools in 17 states and the District of Columbia offers a college-prep education at a lower cost than that charged by most Catholic schools. Many Catholic and parochial schools have lower tuitions than other private schools. In addition, there are some boarding schools across the country with lower tuition rates. These schools make affording private school, and even boarding school,  easier for middle-class families. Enjoy Employee Benefits A little-known benefit of working at a private school is that faculty and staff usually can send their children to the school for a reduced rate, a service known as tuition remission. At some schools, tuition remission means a portion of the costs are covered, while at others, 100 percent of the costs are covered. Now, naturally, this tactic requires there to be a job opening and for you to be qualified as a top candidate who gets hired, but it is possible. Keep in mind, too, that teaching isnt the only job at private schools. From business office and fundraising roles to admission/recruiting and database management, even marketing and software development, the wide range of positions offered at private schools might surprise you. So, if you know that your skills align with the needs of a private school and that you want to send your children there, you might consider dusting off your resume and applying for a job at a private school.

Breaking Dawn Edward’s Pov Essays

Breaking Dawn Edward’s Pov Essays Breaking Dawn Edward’s Pov Essay Breaking Dawn Edward’s Pov Essay Essay Topic: Cry the Beloved Country Dawn I girl you already. I don’t need to go forth. I can stay†¦ Mmm. It was the Eve of our nuptials and Bella and I were lying in her narrow bed together. as was our wont. Though it was August. she was wrapped in her usual swaddling cover. a protection against the iciness of my tegument. The bulky afghan did non forestall Bella’s custodies from rolling approximately. researching the unclothed parts of my organic structure. If she had her manner. both of us would be even less clad. I found shirtless to be challenge plenty. With Bella’s fingers examining the lineations of each musculus and bone above my girdle. her lips on mine. I was both awash in pleasance and sinking into concern. Some might name it public presentation anxiousness and I could non deny it. When one’s public presentation was a affair of life and decease. there was no shame in that. Bella dragged her lingua across my top lip and a rush of desire shooting through me. It was all I could make to stay still and allow the esthesis slice. If she were a lamia. I would hold rolled on top of her. stripped off the bulky afghan and pressed my full organic structure into hers. I would hold kissed her passionately. savoring her lips. her lingua. and drawing her as stopping point to me as the Torahs of natural philosophies would let. Ahhh†¦ I groaned and retreated from her fondling custodies and her delightful. warm lingua. Wait. Bella murmured. seizing my weaponries. I watched as she kicked her right leg free from the cover and wrapped it around my waist. Practice makes perfect. I chuckled. I’d heard that one before. Numerous times. Well. we should be reasonably close to flawlessness by this point. so. shouldn’t we? Have you slept at all in the last month? But this is the frock dry run. she protested. and we’ve merely practiced certain scenes. It’s no clip for playing safe. Playing safe. My organic structure froze as I considered how easy it would be to interrupt Bella’s arm. or rupture out a smattering of her beautiful hair. or snarl her spinal column. or†¦ Bella†¦ Don’t start this once more. A deal’s a trade. I don’t know. It’s excessively hard to concentrate when you’re with me like this. I- I can’t think straight. I won’t be able to command myself. You’ll acquire hurt. I’ll be all right. Bella†¦ Shhh! Bella put her custodies on either side of my face and pressed her lips against mine. I would wish to hold been distracted by that. but it was excessively late. My head was already elsewhere. floating from the thousand-and-one ways I could harm Bella to reciting all she was giving up for me†¦her household. her friends†¦her opportunity to be a female parent. to turn old. to go something more than what she was right now. It was excessively much to give merely to be with me. In my climb hurt. I revisited an statement that Bella and I had had repeatedly. I’d neer convinced her before ; I don’t know why I thought she might alter her head now. It’s non compensate! I don’t want you to hold to do forfeits for me. I want to give you things. non take things off from you. I don’t want to steal your hereafter. If I were human- Bella stifled my expostulations by seting her manus over my oral cavity. You are my hereafter. Now stop. No moping. or Iâ€⠄¢m naming your brothers to come and acquire you. Possibly you need a unmarried man party. My brothers must hold agreed with her. for Emmett’s ideas all of a sudden interrupted my ain. Possibly we’ll catch them with their apparels off! Hope so. Ha. hour angle! Oh. for the love of all that’s sanctum! What’s incorrect? You don’t have to name my brothers. Apparently Emmett and Jasper are non traveling to allow me bow out tonight. Bella tightened her clasp for a minute before let go ofing me. Have merriment. she said. Possibly it would be better for Bella if I left. Then I wouldn’t disquieted her with the cold feet I’d told her I didn’t have. I had no 2nd ideas about get marrieding Bella- I could barely wait to make that! My 2nd ideas were all about the nuptials dark. Yes. I should go forth. Maybe she would acquire some slumber if I did. If you don’t direct Edward out. Emmett threatened in his best. creepy-monster voice. we’re coming in after him! Bella laughed. Go! Before they break my house. Snoging her brow. I advised. Get to kip. You’ve got a large twenty-four hours tomorrow. Thanks! That’s certain to assist me weave down. I’ll meet you at the communion table. I gave her a sly smile. I’ll be the one in white. Bella announced coolly. as if we were be aftering a rendezvous at the promenade. I chuckled at that. sing the anxiousness attacks that overcame her every clip I mentioned the nuptials. Very convincing. I tossed over my shoulder as I leaped out the window. My pess landed forthrightly on Emmett’s caput. strike harding him to the land. Dammit. that injury! Emmett phase whispered. as he jumped up and took a swing at me. I dodged the clout easy. His ideas ever gave him off. You’d better non do him tardily. I heard Bella warn my brothers. Jasper leaped up and grabbed the eaves outside Bella’s window. He turned on his comforting vibraphones. Don’t concern. Bella. We’ll get him place in plentifulness of clip. Jasper? What do lamias make for unmarried man parties? You’re non taking him to a strip nine. are you? she whispered to Jasper and I had to smile. As if that would be merriment for me! No adult female had of all time affected me like Bella did. Womans could dunk themselves in blood and parade around bare all twenty-four hours and it wouldn’t make a thing for me. I should know†¦Tanya had tried such fast ones many times to acquire me into her bed. Don’t tell her anything! Emmett hissed at Jasper. gaining himself a friendly forearm shove that knocked him to the ground†¦again. I could neer crush Emmett if we fought strength to strength. but with my mind-reading accomplishment. he seldom got in a good clout. I laughed at his look as he stood up and brushed the grass off his denims. He tried to look insouciant as he readied himself for a surprise countermove. Merely as he launched himself at me. I took off running. cognizing he couldn’t catch me at full velocity. Relax. I heard Jasper answer to Bella. We Cullens have our ain version. Just a few mountain king of beastss. a twosome of silvertip bears. Reasonably much an ordinary dark out. Jasper had told Bella the truth. We would be observing our boys’ dark out with a Hunt. I didn’t need the blood at the minute. but it was still a good thought. If I fed now. so I wouldn’t have to go forth Bella to run for the first two hebdomads of our honeymoon. Besides. I merely had one more twenty-four hours to stay chaste until Bella and I were married. I did non desire to slip-up at this late date- getting out of Bella’s bed would do that a whole batch easier. Runing gave me clip to believe about the last twosome of months. As my fiance . Bella had accepted the black recognition card with her name on it attached to my history. Like the cell phone. I’d presented it as a safety safeguard. but she’d started to utilize it for other things excessively. and that had been the point. Bella had quit her occupa tion at Newtons Olympic Outfitters. so she didn’t have any pocket money to talk of. I was glad that she’d quit. I preferred non giving Mike Newton the chance to goggle at and entertain lubricious ideas about my bride-to-be as was his wont. Besides. I was happy that we could pass more clip together. I didn’t have to portion with her company for the three or four yearss a hebdomad she would hold worked for what I considered to be trim alteration. Unless she truly liked the job- and I knew that she didn’t- I saw no point in giving our clip together. It had been a great summer. The lone little comedown had been the father-in-law talk Charlie had initiated with me. I haven’t encountered many people who could surprise me in the last 80 old ages. but Charlie was one who could. His head was so quiet- in the sense of comparatively impenetrable to me- that while I could comprehend his feelings. I frequently couldn’t hear the interior duologue that went with them. I didn’t like the sense of insecurity it gave me non cognizing what he was believing. I was used to holding more clip to see how to respond to people than I of all time had with Charlie. One flushing five hebdomads earlier. Charlie had grabbed my arm as Bella and I were go forthing his house for the eventide. We’d found a figure of private parking musca volitanss around the country and we liked to see them every bit frequently as possible. Because he’d surprised me. I reflexively yanked my arm out of his clasp at my natural strength. Immediately. he’d put both thenars up every bit if he was give uping. He’d misguided my speedy physiological reaction as a mark of choler. The interaction reminded me of the telecasting show Cops. in which hooligans whirl around and plug an sensational constabulary officer merely on rule. Charlie must acquire that a batch. I rapidly raised my thenars to bespeak a common resignation. I would hold smiled if I hadn’t thought Charlie would construe it as a twit. Bella had missed our interaction and was go oning toward the auto. What can I make for you. Charlie? I inquired courteously. I was merely inquiring what your folks think about you suggesting to my girl. Oh. they love her. they truly do. That’s non precisely what I meant. No? I wasn’t traveling to assist him interrogate me. No†¦uh†¦I meant what do they believe of you acquiring married right out of high school? Oh! Well. you know they got married rather immature themselves. Esme already had Jasper and Rosalie to look after when she met Carlisle. They fell in love and Carlisle wanted to assist back up the childs. so he proposed when Esme was younger than he might hold otherwise. They’ve been highly happy. so they don’t have any bias against acquiring married immature. Do you think you’re old plenty to manage this sort of duty? That’s my girl you’re assuring to back up for the remainder of your life. Are you one hundred per centum sure that you’re ready for that? I will be at that place for Bella. I can guarantee you of that. What if you screw it up and things fall apart? Charlie pressed. I thought about that for a minute before replying. I knew what he was mentioning to without holding to read his ideas. There are many ways I could mess things up. I admitted. I’ve already made errors with Bella. I know that. I wasn’t here for her when she needed me. I swear to you. Charlie. I left because I wanted Bella to hold a opportunity to happen person better than me. But I found that I couldn’t unrecorded without her and so I came back. Jacob might be a better pick for her. but she still wants me and every bit long as she does. I won’t leave her. I don’t make the same errors twice. Charlie merely gave me his dark-eyed. policeman’s stare. I didn’t blasted him. He’d watched Bella suffer daily after I abandoned her. Jacob had impressed upon me all the painful inside informations he could cite about that clip. Jacob’s a good immature adult male. Charli e eventually responded. but I wouldn’t want him get marrieding her at his age. either. I took another minute to see my response. and so sighed. cognizing I’d neer convince him with words. The lone manner to cognize whether I’ll be good for Bella is with clip. I can’t offer you proof. but I love her more than my ain life and I will take attention of her. Charlie. I merely hope that I can do her every bit happy as she makes me. though I barely think it’s possible. Charlie’s stare didn’t alteration. so I continued. If it makes you feel any better. my household is behind us. and you know Carlisle good plenty to cognize that he would neer allow Bella down†¦even if I did. My household would step in for me. That’s merely the manner my parents are. They’re great people. I know they are†¦Edward. I trust Carlisle and that’s why I’m non doing more of a dither about this. I acknowledged his statement with a nod. Just so you know. Charlie†¦Bella and I discussed run offing to Las Vegas and get ma rrieding without stating anyone. But Bella didn’t want to cut you out of her determination in that manner. so we decided to do it a household event. I knew there was something traveling on! Charlie exclaimed. I had a feeling you two were traveling to take off together! Bella wants you at that place to walk her down the aisle. or the stepss. instead. I hope you can see your manner clear to make that for her on her twenty-four hours. Charlie nodded stiffly and I turned to follow Bella to the auto. That’s a fancy auto you got my girl. Yes. it’s a lender. Carlisle called in a favour for me. It’s a really safe auto. Well. that’s good. You can barely acquire a auto that’s safe plenty to portion the roads with all the bad drivers and rummy drivers out at that place. I agree. Goodnight. Charlie. ’Night. Charlie shut the front door and I saw that Bella was coming back to acquire me. I hurried toward her. What was all that approximately? Charlie wanted to hold a small man-to-man’ talk about his cherished girl. but I told him I agreed with everything he said. so he loves me now. I grinned and winked at Bella. She didn’t purchase it. No. what did he truly desire? she demanded. Tell me. or I’ll March right back and inquire him! I sighed. Charlie merely wanted to warn me about the dangers of get marrieding excessively immature and do certain I was cognize what I was making. What did you state? I said that I was old for my age. I replied. giving her a crooked smiling. You did non! Sure. why non? I am. aren’t I? I teased. Ancient. I should be grossed out being with you. Fortunately. I still look good and that’s what truly counts. We both laughed and. to my alleviation. Bella dropped the topic. Bella’s female parent. Renee. had flown in two yearss earlier and Bella was lodging near to her except when our female parents worked on the nuptials. It was uneven behaviour for a bride-to-be. but I wasn’t get marrieding Bella because she was like everyone else. Quite the antonym. When I’d come place two eventides old. Renee was sing Esme. In an effort to show her credence of me as her about son-in-law. Renee had dashed across the life room and thrown her weaponries around my cervix. Welcome to our household. Edward! she’d said. I thought possibly she was overexcited by the trip or by run intoing my household. I hadn’t expected such an ebullient salutation. though she had no peculiar scruples about Bella get marrieding me. Renee ended the clinch suddenly when her weaponries encountered my cold. difficult ego. Hmm. she mumbled as she broke off contact. Hard organic structure! was her idea. and I about laughed out loud. The image in her head was co mplimentary. non actual. She was conceive ofing what my upper organic structure looked like without a shirt. I’d already gotten acquainted plenty with Renee when Bella and I went to Florida that I knew she didn’t average anything by it. A cougar†¦just like Bella. I thought. and smiled to myself. It was a small sad to run into Renee once more. cognizing that this was the last clip Bella would see her. or perchance even talk to her on the phone. As I watched Bella over the class of the two yearss. I sensed that she was stating her adieus. If I’d had to give up Carlisle and Esme to be with Bella. I could hold done it. I had given them up one time earlier. But it was difficult to accept that I could do Bella happy plenty to give up seeing her parents. I’d asked her once more last dark whether she was prepared to make that and her response had been. Are you seeking to ditch me? Then we’d started express joying and the inquiry had gotten lost. My brothers and I didn’t acquire back from runing until a twosome of hours before the nuptials. Esme collared us instantly and sent us to the back garden to hang flower Garlands for Alice. It had to be done at the last minute or the August twenty-four hours would wilt them. Alice had prohibited me from traveling anyplace near where she was fixing Bella. so I headed to my third-floor room to do myself presentable. Alice had changed my antique dinner jacket merely plenty to change over it from vintage to vintage smart. as she put it. It did look good. I had to acknowledge. I tried to tidy my usually boisterous hair. I put some hair gel on it and convinced it to lie down in a semi-orderly manner. After a clip. Jasper came upstairs to state me that the first invitees were geting. He and Emmett would be showing them to their seats. Of class. Jasper could hold told me that from downstairs. but Alice had specifically asked him to come acquire me. so that I wouldn’t be exhibiting down the bride’s decorated stairway in full position of the invitees. I walked outdoors through the kitchen door. stating Carlisle that I’d be waiting out back. He and Esme were standing by the front door to recognize everyone as they arrived. This was the most of import twenty-four hours of my life. but I hoped to hold boundlessly more fantastic yearss to bask with my Bella. I felt extremely fortunate that she wanted me as I wanted her. I could hold lost her so easy. I heard the Denali kin arrive and recognized Tanya’s mental voice: Where’s Edward? It will be good to see that adult male again†¦mmm hmm! Who is this human miss? I can’t imagine Edward with a adult female. non even a lamia adult female. This will be interesting†¦ I smiled. sword lily to be get awaying Tanya’s clasps for good. She’d given me a difficult clip when we were populating in Alaska. She wasn’t used to being told no thank you. Neither lamias nor worlds of all time turned down Tanya’s progresss. She was beautiful and capturing. everything a adult male could desire. She merely wasn’t for me and she neer could accept that. It was one of the grounds Carlisle decided to travel our household further south. He told everyone that we were excessively conspicuous and possibly we were. all there together. but I’d had the opportunity to hear another ground in his mind- that Tanya can’t leave Edward entirely. My male parent empathized when Tanya had set her sights on me. Carlisle had had plentifulness of pushful supporters. During his first few hebdomads at a new infirmary. nurses would line up three deep to ogle him. He had to anneal that initial involvement by stating some figure of them that he was merrily married. thank you. Of class. he wore a nuptials ring. but that didn’t discourage everyone. Once people met Esme. though. they normally stopped trailing Carlisle. She was merely excessively beautiful. interior and out. to vie with. I know Esme had ever worried that I wasn’t to the full mature as a adult male when Carlisle had changed me and that I might neer happen. or even wish for. a mate. It was true that I wasn’t interested in any of the Denali ladies. And after the problem I’d had with Rosalie when she joined our household. I didn’t expect anything good could come of such involvement anyhow. When the Denalis met the lone unmarried man lamia they’d seen in old ages. each of them had set about seeking my fondness. I didn’t fault them. peculiarly. Possibly they’d gotten tired of human work forces and wanted person more lasting to spouse with for a alteration. I could understand that to a certain grade. I didn’t travel indoors to recognize the Denalis or any of the other reachings. I couldn’t concentrate on anyone but Bella- it seemed like such a long clip since I’d seen her. I was seeking to ground myself out of an irrational fright that she wasn’t truly at that place in our house. that she had changed her head and would go forth me standing entirely at the communion table. If I listened. I could hear her voice now and so. but I couldn’t hear her ideas and that had neer bothered me so much as it did at that minute. To deflect myself. I listened at random to our guests’ ideas and found that everyone was astonished by the ornaments. Alice had put her all into be aftering this nuptials and it showed. The flowers entirely were beyond conceive ofing. Finely fragrant agreements covered every surface of our life room and the response country outside. Alice was peculiarly fond of flowers. I thought possibly it was because she’d been deprived of beauty for so many old ages at the refuge. Whatever the ground. it was a blessing for us all. Rosalie had started playing my expansive piano. doing the one instrument sound like several. I knew that Pachelbel’s Canon in D was my cue to come in the life room with Carlisle and stand in forepart of the flower-covered archway. He would come looking for me in the kitchen when the clip came. so I walked back into the house. In due class. Carlisle came to recover me and after a concluding. heartfelt clinch. we took our assigned topographic points in forepart of the assembled crowd. I stood. frozen with emotion. and watched uneasily for my beloved to look at the top of the steps on her father’s arm. I had waited a life-time to stand in forepart of these informants and declare my deathless devotedness to the 1 and merely adult female I would of all time love. Time had stopped doing sense when I eventually heard the familiar C-F-F-F notes of Here Comes the Bride. I could non believe my eyes when an angel from heaven began to fall the steps. one by one. her eyes lowered to watch her pess. It was merely when I heard her whisper Don’t allow me fall. Dad. that I knew for certain it was Bella†¦my Bella. I fretted for a 2nd that my angel might fall and I readied myself to dart across the room to c atch her. Sing the groom disappear and re-emerge someplace else would non travel over good with anybody. though I reasoned that all of the invitees would be looking at Bella. non at me. Still. possibly we should hold served bubbly before the ceremonial. merely in instance something like that did happen†¦but so. Bella was falling the concluding measure. She lifted her face. seeking for me. When our eyes eventually met. a expression of such arrant joy crossed her face that I broke into an enraptured smiling. Bella’s feelings frequently were written on her face. but today her look was utterly transparent. The worship in her eyes was unmistakable and I was exultant plenty to interrupt out in song†¦almost. Our eyes remained pasted to each other while Bella carefully traversed the fifteen-foot aisle that Alice had kept short to give Bella a just opportunity of staying unsloped. With the manner she looked in that frock. with that make-up. with everything†¦the freshness. the vermilion bloom. the prisms of cryings in her eyes†¦I wanted to hotfoot down the aisle to run into her and transport her dorsum to the communion table. But I remained patient. stretching out my thenar so that Charlie could put Bella’s manus in mine. He regarded me earnestly as he did so and I nodded my thank you to him for his great forfeit. Charlie seated himself beside Renee. with Phil on her other side. and Bella and I turned to confront the curate. I loved the traditional nuptials ceremonial with its promises and dictums. but on this juncture. each word resonated with freshly unveiled significance. When I declared I do to my beloved. I’d neer been happier in my life. I wanted to reiterate the words in every linguistic communication I knew. My lovely new married woman was overcome with emotion. When I leaned over to snog her for the first clip as her hubby. Bell a’s weaponries encircled my cervix and she held on as if she would neer allow me travel. The audience had disappeared- she merely had eyes for me. I kissed her with a crestless wave of love and tenderness that made my eyes burn with the cryings that didn’t come. and she met my passion with her ain. Emotion poured from her as she clung to me. melding her lips with mine as if we were absolutely entirely in that minute. I did non mind in the least. Bella was happy to be married to me- I could experience it in my castanetss. When the invitees began to giggle. I eased my love’s face gently off from mine and looked into her tear-filled eyes. I felt my felicity radiate from me like the heat of a coal fire and I wondered briefly if my tegument was scintillating in its freshness. When Emmett cleared his pharynx unsubtly. I turned us both to confront the loved 1s who had gathered at that place and everyone broke into smilings and quiet laughter. I could non allow travel of Bella for a 2nd. I wrapped my arm around her waist and practically carried her down the aisle when she forgot to travel her pess. Fortunately. they were hidden by the length of her frock. Another item that Alice had non overlooked. Bella was so spectacularly beautiful that I wasn’t surprised to hear a figure of inappropriate ideas as the response line shuffled easy past us and on to the counter. Alice had timed things good. so that the lamias would non hold to step outdoors until dusky. merely in instance the Sun came out. It was good that she did. because we had a beautiful nuptials twenty-four hours with plentifulness of sunlight filtering through the ancient cedars. I was inordinately pleased that Billy Black and Sue and Seth Clearwater had come to the nuptials. Despite the Cullens’ functionary position as mortal enemies of their folk. the three of them were at that place in support of Bella and Charlie. and possibly as a gesture of gratitude to Carlisle every bit good. Seth was there for me. excessively. Our friendly relationship had non faded since we’d joined forces to conflict Victoria and Riley. Congrats. cats. Seth said. coming toward me with his weaponries out. I hugged him with one arm while I held Bella tightly with the other. It’s good to see things work out for you. adult male. I’m happy for you. Thank you. Seth. That means a batch to me. Let go ofing Seth. I faced Billy and Sue with honorable gratitude. I knew they were non at that place for me. Thank you. every bit good. For allowing Seth semen. For back uping Bella today. You’re welcome. Billy replied heartily and I hoped his attitude boded good for the alteration that was coming. I didn’t cognize how I was traveling to near the Quileute wolf battalion about Bella’s approaching transmutation. It was possible that if we left the country to avoid their ancient blood feud. that Jacob still would come to run us down. He had no motive to allow me alter Bella. but I hoped that he and all the wolves would hold to the one exclusion to our pact. Billy wasn’t giving anything off with his ideas. but Sue’s head was full of concern about being in a house with so many lamias. As the receiving line moved along. the lone somewhat awkward minute was presenting Tanya to Bella. Ah. Edward. I’ve missed you. Tanya said. drawing herself near to me in an intimate embracing. She lingered a spot excessively long in my one-armed hug- on intent. I chuckled at her audaciousness as I employed one of Carlisle’s fast ones for covering with forward women†¦to imperativeness her shoulder off as if to look up to the full length of her. It’s been excessively long. Tanya. You look good. Though Bella would neer believe it. her beauty outshone Tanya’s many times over in my eyes. So do you. Tanya replied. a familiar note of yearning in her voice. With a great puffiness of pride. I interjected. Let me present you to my married woman. Kate and Carmen giggled at the accent. My joy at utilizing that word for the first clip American ginseng in my words. Tanya. this is my Bella. Bella had been unsure about ask foring Tanya and her coven. but I’d convinced her that as drawn-out family- orphans. to boot- they must be included. I besides wanted Tanya there specifically to underline the point that I was officially and for good unavailable. Welcome to the household. Bella. Tanya responded suitably. if non wholly enthusiastically. We consider ourselves Carlisle’s extended household. and I am regretful about the. Er. recent incident when we did non act as such. We should hold met you sooner. Can you forgive us? Of class. It’s so nice to run into you. Bella replied. blushing. I noted the brief flair of exhilaration among my cousins at the haste of blood before each of them contained it. The Cullens are all evened up in Numberss now. Possibly it will be our bend following. eh. Kate? Tanya grinned. Kat e’s sarcastic sense of wit kicked in. Keep the dream alive. she said. turn overing her eyes. Welcome. Bella. Kate took Bella’s manus and Carmen stepped up to add hers. I’m Carmen. this is Eleazar. We’re all so really pleased to eventually run into you. M-me. excessively. Bella stuttered. I thought she was keeping up good sing she was run intoing my relatives for the first clip. We’ll get to cognize each other subsequently. We’ll have eons of clip for that! Tanya remarked. express joying. I enjoyed executing the rites of the nuptials jubilation. Alice had ordered a gorgeous. artfully decorated bar. its beauty being the lone facet of it I could genuinely appreciate. I did non enjoy get downing the chunky blob Bella pushed toward my face. but that could non be avoided with such an attentive audience. Flashbulbs popped. capturing the uncomfortable minute for all clip. Bella tossed her corsage to Angela. who blushed puce and carefully avoided the eyes of her bodyguard. Ben. which are six inches lower than her ain. When it came clip to raise Bella’s skirt and take her supporter with my dentitions. she blushed heatedly while Jasper and Emmett guffawed at her embarrassment. I wasn’t allowed to venture excessively far up her frock. since she slid the supporter below her articulatio genus before I got the opportunity. Still. it was a fun minute. seize with teething the elastic set and dragging it easy down her calf. After detaching it from her leg. I stretched the elastic into a catapult. taking for Mike Newton’s caput. The supporter snapped him in the brow and his oral cavity dropped unfastened.

Free Essays on The End of the History

Fukuyama derived his argument from the writings of Kant, Hegel and a critical reading of Marx. This new phase represented the worldwide triumph of liberal democracy with the collapse of Communism. History has ended in the sense that there is no more room for large ideological battles. The present work is the first serious attempt to provide a rounded evaluation, which is sympathetic to Fukuyama's aims. It sets his thesis in the context of 'end of history' theories from Kant to Marx, acknowledges its affinities with different aspects of them, but argues that its metaphysical commitments are much more acceptable to the modern world than those of its predecessors. Like Fukuyama, its authors believe that philosophy of history can and should make a real difference to our understanding of our present social and political problems. Why the fuss? Writing at a moment when Communisim was everywhere in retreat, it was hardly surprising that Fukuyama should have proclaimed the end of the Cold War and â€Å"unabashed victory of economic and political liberalism.† Such proclamations were already legion. What commanded attention was something far more radical. Claiming to distinguish between â€Å"what is essential and what is contingent or accidental in world history,† Fukuyama wrote that â€Å"What we are witnessing is not just the end of the Cold War, or a passing of a particular period of postwar history, but the end of history as such: that is, the end point of mankind’s ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government. â€Å"The end of history as such,† â€Å"the evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government†: these were the sorts of statements- along with Fukuyama’s professed conviction that â€Å"the ideal will govern the material world in the long run†- that rang the alarm. Some of the neg... Free Essays on The End of the History Free Essays on The End of the History Fukuyama derived his argument from the writings of Kant, Hegel and a critical reading of Marx. This new phase represented the worldwide triumph of liberal democracy with the collapse of Communism. History has ended in the sense that there is no more room for large ideological battles. The present work is the first serious attempt to provide a rounded evaluation, which is sympathetic to Fukuyama's aims. It sets his thesis in the context of 'end of history' theories from Kant to Marx, acknowledges its affinities with different aspects of them, but argues that its metaphysical commitments are much more acceptable to the modern world than those of its predecessors. Like Fukuyama, its authors believe that philosophy of history can and should make a real difference to our understanding of our present social and political problems. Why the fuss? Writing at a moment when Communisim was everywhere in retreat, it was hardly surprising that Fukuyama should have proclaimed the end of the Cold War and â€Å"unabashed victory of economic and political liberalism.† Such proclamations were already legion. What commanded attention was something far more radical. Claiming to distinguish between â€Å"what is essential and what is contingent or accidental in world history,† Fukuyama wrote that â€Å"What we are witnessing is not just the end of the Cold War, or a passing of a particular period of postwar history, but the end of history as such: that is, the end point of mankind’s ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government. â€Å"The end of history as such,† â€Å"the evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government†: these were the sorts of statements- along with Fukuyama’s professed conviction that â€Å"the ideal will govern the material world in the long run†- that rang the alarm. Some of the neg...

Module 4 - Case Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

Module 4 - Case Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example Further, society as a whole expects that the behavior of all the citizens should be such that society advances on its own rather than regress due to actions and behaviors. During the recent times, high profiled failures of large organizations, unethical behavior being associated with the senior executives of the firms as well as fraudulent business, and accounting practices have highlighted the need for emphasizing more business ethics. The current financial crisis has also highlighted the vulnerabilities of the financial sector of the world and how senior executives used the money given for bailout purposes as their own bonuses. The hue and cry by the public, therefore, has been mostly directed towards the unethical behavior of organizations towards different stakeholders. This paper will discuss ethical behavior of two organizations, i.e. Primark and Anglo American, and will explore costs and benefits involved as well as discussing one component from Svennson & Woods’ model. What is Ethical Business Behavior Every business has a responsibility towards the society, and ethical behavior outlines the rules and regulations which actually govern the ethical behavior of the firms. ... It is also important to understand that society expects from the businesses and as such, businesses have to correspond to the basic rules of the society. This, therefore, requires that firms should not engage any such behavior which can effectively go against the values and norms of the society. Some of the critical areas where firms often face critical choices in terms of ethical business behavior include finance, accounting, supply chain management, human resource management, and marketing. These are the areas where firm often engage into behavior which may not be entirely considered as ethical in nature. There have been incidents where firms have engaged into actions which were not considered as ethical. Incidences such as falsification of information presented in financial accounts, insufficient and inadequate working conditions for the workers, unjustified bonuses and high compensation levels of senior executives, etc., are some of the issues which have come under heavy screener of unethical business practices (Dowling, Festing, & Engle, 2008). How Primark Applies Ethics One of the key concerns for Primark is to source ethically because it has to deal with variety of third party sources. Considering the overall nature of business of the firm, Primark has to procure its merchandize from different suppliers scattered all over the world. Ethical issues, particularly with regard to the supply chain of the firm, arise due to adverse labor situation in suppliers’ countries. Although Primark is committed to provide excellent value to its customers, it is clear on the issue of not delivering such value on the expense of those who actually produce for the firm. As such, Primark attempts to balance

Formation of Israel. Experiences of minority populations of the region Essay

Formation of Israel. Experiences of minority populations of the region before, during and after the formation of Israel. Effects of the formation of Israel o - Essay Example They also managed to conquer other substantial territories which had been allocated to the Palestinians. The minority groups were highly affected by the wars which were going on and some of them lost their lives as well as their cultural identities. The Jewish armies became victorious and they conquered most of the areas in that region. However Israel was invaded by five Arab armies soon after its declaration but it was very prepared and thus it succeeded in crushing the pockets of the resistance. (Israel Ministry of foreign affairs 2006) Israel is a country which is located in the south western part of Asia and in the northern part it is bounded by the country of Lebanon and also Syria and Jordan borders the country in the east. Israel is also bordered by the Gulf of Aqaba and Egypt as well as the Mediterranean Sea borders it on the western part. Many of the Jewish populants in Palestine started several revolts against the roman occupation of the area on the Gaza strip and also the west bank. However most of then were killed and the rest of them were dispersed to various parts of the Diaspora. The Palestinians were also Hellenized such that many churches were built around the sites which were holy to the Christians after Christianity was adapted as the official Roman Empire religion in the 14th century. After the collapse of the Roman Empire in th... A conquest of the entire area buy the Muslim Arabs followed. This was then followed by several European crusades in an attempt to recover the holy land as referred to by the Christians from the Muslims. (Israel Ministry of foreign affairs 2006) The initial crusade was however very successful as it captured the city of Jerusalem and also in the establishment of a Christian kingdom which lasted a whole century before it fell to the Egyptian sultans. Later on, Palestine was captured by the Turks from ottoman and it then became a part of the Ottoman Empire for a period of four centuries. (Aloni 2001) There was an emergence of the Zionist movement and it was advocating for the re-establishment of the homeland for the Jews in Palestine which also served as a refuge for the Jews who were prosecuted in Europe. The first Zionist congress was then organized in Basel and it publicized the Jewish claims to Palestine where a large number of the Jews had begun settling. During the First World War turkey was at war with France and Britain thus plans were made on the division of the Ottoman Empire where Palestine was to be on the British territory. So at to encourage the Jewish support on the war a leading Zionist from Britain established a Balfour declaration which stated that the government of Britain was in favor of the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people. Palestine was placed under the British administration on a mandate from the League of Nations. (Israel Ministry of foreign affairs 2006) However the Jews continued to migrate and conflict sprout with the resident Arabs and this further led to communal violence that was very severe in the environs of Jerusalem. The Jews

Tort Reform in the United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tort Reform in the United States - Research Paper Example Generally, the purpose of the tort system is to provide compensation for those individuals who have been harmed (Champan, 2010). The harm, in this case, ought to be a proven one so that full compensation can be made available. This paper, therefore, seeks to provide information on the tort system in the United States of America and how it works. The paper will provide information on how this system is used in the U.S when and how they are performed and how it affects the individuals in general. There are various issues which are identified as those that makeup debates on the tort reform. These aspects include: Economic effects Fairness in treatment Restrictions on damages that are noneconomic Reduction in the decree of limits of action Punitive injuries and awards Awards for suffering Class action proceedings in the United States Claimed inadequacy of the authorized system. In the United States of America, tort reform activists argue that many lawsuits are frivolous. These advocates claim that the tort reforms of the present time are too expensive. Advocates, in this case, tend to prove that they are not comfortable with tort cases as far as the cases are concerned. This is major because they tend to suffer more than those who are involved in the cases. These advocates claim that they are the ones who face adverse effects for fighting the wrong in the society. To them, they feel that it is not fair because when fighting for the right, they end up facing exactly the opposite. Tort law generally defines what makes up an authorized injury and establishes the charge. It is simply an answer from the civil court to criminal law. This reform, therefore, is the political expression for the divisive matter of reducing tort proceedings, rewards, damages, and reimbursement. The aspect that majorly contributes to this reform being controversial is that its promoters aim at placing limits on the quantity  monetary damages that may be awarded in medical malpractice or indi vidual injury lawsuits (Bornstein, 2007). This makes it controversial because advocates are meant to be of help to those who are affected but at some point, they are found to be having limits. In this case, it is quite clear that not every individual will have their advocates fight for them. There are cases where advocates choose not to get involved because of the rules and regulations that have been set. At this point, the advocates are trying to avoid instances where they get to suffer more (Lunney & Oliphant). They tend to have limits to make sure that the tort cases they deal with do not adversely affect them instead. Most of the advocates support tort alteration, particularly in the personal injury lawsuits. This is because of the undulate effects legal fees and extreme damages have on industries and taxpayers by extension. Tort reform's advocates say these undulate effects result in prices that are higher for both services and products. At this point, they are complaining as w ell because they feel that these reforms do not do them good. They feel that at some point it becomes hard for them. They feel that they are not able to deal effectively with the effects that come along with these reforms. Areas of the authorized procedure which are embattled by tort reformists include contingency fees, venue shopping, and class action court cases.

Operating Theatre Management System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operating Theatre Management System - Essay Example In general, Operating Room Management in profit-oriented health-care systems in USA gives emphasis to strategical consideration while in countries with publicly-funded healthcare like the UK; the focus is on operational judgment (McIntosh, Dexter & Epstein 2006). The act of managing and organization all aspects of a surgical suite are to achieve a definite set of objectives. As a budding discipline, operating room management is all the time more examined as how to best: 1) guarantee patient safety and best patient outcome, 2) present surgeons with suitable access to the Operating Room with the aim that patients can have operations in an appropriate way, 3) take full advantage of the competence of operating room utilization, workforce, and resources, 4) reduce patient wait, and 5) augment approval among patients, employees, and doctors. This management skill as employed to the surgical suite is getting more focus as a result of increasing market influence on hospitals from competitors and from customers looking for reduced charges. The surgical suite is generally thought as an advantageous hospital unit. Thus, surgical suites also include a significant portion of hospital budget expenditure. By keeping patient safety constant, the prospect to raise financial increase by means of changing the utilization of already accessible sources is a main goal for managerial study. Incremental efficiency in operating room utilization and operating room efficiency can have significant impacts on hospital workers and resources. Some hospital managers see efficiency in the operating room as throughput, completing the most surgical cases within budget. Later in this article we will provide examples of tools a manager may use to analyze efficiency. The Significance of OR Management Operating expenses consist of, although are not restricted to, the space, know-how and appliances, pharmaceuticals and workforce. Hospital managers have thus focused their interest towards making best use of Operating Room productivity, and consequently hospital productivity, by means of contribution margins. This focus, as well as the increase in demand for promising surgery, has led to a fast development of Operating Room facilities. Traditionally, nurses have been mainly responsible for the daily operation of the surgical suite. All the time more, facilities are employing a physician medical director for the Operating Room, as characterized by a surgeon, anesthesiologist, or both. In some cases, all three fields of surgery, anesthesia, and nursing will be embodied in the daily OR organization infrastructure. By functioning collectively, these three fields can organize all resources crucial to exploit OR efficiency. Since medical requirements and regulatory requirements are frequen tly changing, the idea of appointing a medical director in the OR, an operating room manager, has gained recognition (Siciliani & Hurst 2005). Clinicians normally focus on operational decisions on the day of surgery for instance moving cases from one Operating Room to another, assigning and replacing staff, prioritizing critical cases, and scheduling add-on case. In contrast, upper management

Segmentation, targeting, and positioning of hotels Assignment

Segmentation, targeting, and positioning of hotels - Assignment Example Market segmentation therefore relies on the principle that individual customers have need for a variety of products or services (OUP). Any market segmentation endeavour initially needs the identification and selection of the most suitable variables on the basis of which the potential customers are grouped. The identified variables form the platform for the segmentation basis. Whether the market is targeted at consumers or if it is a business to business organization decides the selection of the appropriate variables which however cannot be consistent and be decided in a single stroke on the basis of an identified factor. Appropriate market segmentation therefore requires research and analysis by considering a range of data from different sources (OUP). After a proper market segmentation has been achieved, the next step is the targeting the identified market segment with the product line which the consumers need. Targeting is the focussing of attention on identified segments, directing resources in that direction and taking business decisions accordingly. There has to be an optimum relationship between the resources/capabilities against the attractiveness of an identified segment on the basis of which targeting strategy can either be differentiated, undifferentiated or concentrated (OUP). Targeting is therefore the selection of one or more of the marketing segments which the company intends and decides to enter. After the targeting strategy has been developed, the next step is the positioning of the product by creating marketing offers that serve the targeted customer in the best possible manner. This is achieved by establishing, highlighting and communicating the key factors and the distinctive advantages of a company’s pro duct in relation to the competition. The hotel industry is one of the largest hospitality industries in the world which has thrived due to the large scale movement of